Version:1.0 StartHTML:0000000168 EndHTML:0000028452 StartFragment:0000000471 EndFragment:0000028435 * Motivation for warfare: Religious protect god, root out evil Financial gain control of resources Territorial gain land, or prevent others attack Patriotic for the good of our nation or ruler
French and Indian War 1754 - 1763 1749 King George II land grant to Ohio Co – Last one to lead team into battle Within 7 yrs 100 families Fort to protect families → treaty of logstown 1744 Treaty of Logstown with Iroquois League allows fort on Ohio 1749 June Governor of New France gets complaints about English fur trappers → Orders Capt. Celeron de Blainville + 213 men post and bury tablets → no one person died November 1749 3,000 mile round trip → plates are not enough December 1749 Governor of New France orders Line of Forts/Trading Post built Attacks Shawnees and Miami for trading with English Fortified frontier and undeclared war July 1752 (New Gov.) Marquis Duquesne arrives in Quebec Takes over as Governor 2,000 regular French troops Ordered to secure the Ohio River Valley Enforce French claims Build forts to control river 1752 Christopher Gist (Eng) gets treaty → Gist Treaty → worked out between Ohio and Virginia companies signed by: All six Iroquois tribes Delaware Shawnee Wyandot Treaty gives all land deeds to Ohio Valley to English the French attacked all English and native to capture the Ohio Valley Lord Halifax (Parliament) ask for declaration of war – (is English) → they say “No”. France has violated Virginia Charter, Ohio land grant, treaty of Logstown. Gist Treaty Parliament says no 1753 Governor Robert Dinwiddie (?Force the French out?) of Virginia gets authority to order French to remove from Ohio river valley New France controls whole mid west 1732 → George Washington – triggers war Eldest son of Augustine Washington and 2nd wife , Mary Ball Washington Poep's creek on the Potomac River (John Washington + Anne Pope 1657) Study of - Mathematics surveying The Classics “Rules of Civility”
Father b. 1693 – died in 1743 ( G.W. 11 yrs.)
Turned to Surveying, (1748) Offers to take message for Governor Dinwiddie Promoted to Captain Maps good location for a fort Jan 1753 House of Burgesses votes to fund fort and Militia to Man G.W. promoted to Lt. Col. 2nd in command of Va. Militia Washington orders attack on French fort building party Fort Necessity Washington sign surrender 7/4/1753 Admits he is assassin Document is the start of “7 Year War” “Great War of Empire” “The French and Indian War” SitRep = Situation Report New France British Colonies of America 1754 The British Act no more iron forges allowed in colonies
July 10, 1754 Albany Plan of Union This will be on exam
Colonial governments send representatives to Albany New York 7 colonies attend Iroquois agree to remain friendly 1755 General Braddock arrives in Virginia with English army of 10,000 men George Washington asks to be an advisor/observer to learn British Plan (4 part plan)
Stop French expansion
Capture French frontier forts (Duquesne/Niagara)
Build British forts on Major rivers/lakes
Control Water ways to New France (Nova Scotia)
Battle of the Wilderness Braddock + 2500 will leave Va. and capture Fort Duquesne *During retreat all of Braddock’s papers captured (French have Plans) Washington put in charge of all Virginia Militia and protect frontier 1758 resigns command and get elected to House of Burgesses River Routes William Johnson commands New England Militia and Mohawks Builds Fort Edward (Fort William Henry) April 10, 1756 Colonial Council of Pennsylvania passes “Scalp Bounty” French get new commander May 11,1756 Louis Joseph, Marquis de Montcalm, Gozon de St. Véran December 1756 William Pitt – British Secretary of State for Southern Department In charge of Parliament in England (war leadership) “Win America first then win rest of the world, piece by piece.” Pitt spends money puts more men, gun and ships into action then before TheMilitia Act of 1757 1758French Fort of Louisbourg Captured by British July 27th, General Amherst took possession of the town August 1758 Gen. John Forbes for British attack Fort Duquesne Colonel Bouquet commander “The Black Watch Regiment” Scottish Highlanders Pyrrhic victory, French win but victory cost too much October 1758Treaty of Easton– English promise“No white settlement west of Ft. Pitt” British build frontier forts Part 3 William Johnson's troops capture Fort Niagara General Amherst attacks the forts at Carillon (Ticonderoga) and Crown Point 1759, General James Wolfe, was in command of the largest British naval force ever Quebec itself, was a natural fortress Lower Town, homes, warehouses, and docks, lays along riverside, unfortified Upper Town atop the bluffs, fortified Montcalm would not have to fight to win, by simply holding on, avoiding an all out fight until winter drove the invaders away or froze in place. Wolfe must make Montcalm come out and fight September 13, 1759 2A.M. “Battle of The Plains of Abraham” European battle will win frontier war September 17, 1759 Quebec capitulates All French citizens who take oath of allegiance to England can keep their land 1760 King George III and Parliament begins to enforce the Acts of Navigation May 3, 1760 Amherst launches drive to take Montreal, the last French stronghold British flag is raised over Detroit, signaling the end of the French and Indian War January 2, 1762, Spain joins the war on the French side on Britain defeats Spain with naval power alone. France knows war is almost over and gives Spain Treaty of San Ildefonso France give Spain all lands west of the Mississippi Isle of New Orleans 1763 Treaty of Paris ends war (10 February 1763) labeled allIndians "subjects" of the British crown established the settlements of eastern North America as British colonies BRITAIN'S ACQUISITIONS UNDER THE TERMS OF THE PEACE OF PARIS 1763 In America: Canada Nova Scotia Cape Breton and adjoining islands The right to navigate the Mississippi In the West Indies: Grenada St Vincent Dominica Tobago From Spain: Florida In Africa: Retained Senegal In India: Retained the East India Company's conquests In Europe: Minorca Fortifications of Dunkirk were demolished FRENCH RETENSIONS In America: The island of St Pierre The island of Miquelon Fishing rights off Newfoundland In the West Indies: The port of Havana Guadeloupe and Martinique England demands and gets from France all Canada and all Lands east of the Mississippi From Spain they get Florida France gives Spain all land west of the Mississippi (Indians control this just legal claim) 1762Lord Jeffery Amhersttakes over major French frontier forts andIndian relations: (this is General Amherst he had been knighted) refuses to continue French custom ofgifts of ammoto Indians raises priceson English trade goods (no competition) Indian allies of French areconquered people Pontiac’s Rebellion Treaty of Paris, large tracts of Algonquian Indian land to Britain War Chief of the Ottawa, calls a Grand Council,this is the first pan-Indian (one leader) military movement Delaware medicine man “Neolin”says“Indians only win if they use the old ways reject white mans’ ways” Plan - attack and drive English from all old French cities/forts before too numerous Attacks are successful and coordinated Under Chief Pontiac, warriors captured most of the trans-Allegheny forts, except Fort Pitt, and Fort Detroit (1763) Amherst declares total warfare Also plans to spread/usebiological warfare spread smallpox August 6, 1763, British forces, under Colonel Henry Bouquet (Scottish Highlanders) destroyed Delaware and Shawnee forces at Battle of Bushy Run Pontiac was forced to capitulate on October 31, 1763 England's King George III's Proclamation of 1763 (October 7, 1763) ThePlan of 1764 Set up animperial fur tradingsystem (king profit) Frontierfortsintended toprotect The Proclamation of 1763 marked boundaries October 7, 1763
* Motivation for warfare:
Religious protect god, root out evil
Financial gain control of resources
Territorial gain land, or prevent others attack
Patriotic for the good of our nation or ruler
French and Indian War 1754 - 1763
1749 King George II land grant to Ohio Co – Last one to lead team into battle
Within 7 yrs
100 families
Fort to protect families → treaty of logstown
1744 Treaty of Logstown with Iroquois League allows fort on Ohio
1749 June Governor of New France gets complaints about English fur trappers → Orders Capt. Celeron de Blainville + 213 men post and bury tablets → no one person died
November 1749 3,000 mile round trip → plates are not enough
December 1749 Governor of New France orders
Line of Forts/Trading Post built
Attacks Shawnees and Miami for trading with English
Fortified frontier and undeclared war
July 1752 (New Gov.) Marquis Duquesne arrives in Quebec Takes over as Governor
2,000 regular French troops
Ordered to secure the Ohio River Valley
Enforce French claims
Build forts to control river
1752 Christopher Gist (Eng) gets treaty → Gist Treaty → worked out between Ohio and Virginia companies signed by:
All six Iroquois tribes
Delaware
Shawnee
Wyandot
Treaty gives all land deeds to Ohio Valley to English
the French attacked all English and native to capture the Ohio Valley
Lord Halifax (Parliament) ask for declaration of war – (is English) → they say “No”.
France has violated Virginia Charter, Ohio land grant, treaty of Logstown. Gist Treaty
Parliament says no
1753 Governor Robert Dinwiddie (?Force the French out?) of Virginia gets authority to order French to remove from Ohio river valley
New France controls whole mid west
1732 → George Washington – triggers war
Eldest son of Augustine Washington and 2nd wife , Mary Ball Washington
Poep's creek on the Potomac River (John Washington + Anne Pope 1657)
Study of -
Mathematics
surveying
The Classics
“Rules of Civility”
Father b. 1693 – died in 1743 ( G.W. 11 yrs.)
Turned to Surveying, (1748)
Offers to take message for Governor Dinwiddie
Promoted to Captain
Maps good location for a fort
Jan 1753 House of Burgesses votes to fund fort and Militia to Man
G.W. promoted to Lt. Col. 2nd in command of Va. Militia
Washington orders attack on French fort building party
Fort Necessity
Washington sign surrender 7/4/1753
Admits he is assassin
Document is the start of “7 Year War”
“Great War of Empire”
“The French and Indian War”
SitRep = Situation Report
New France
British Colonies of America
1754 The British Act no more iron forges allowed in colonies
July 10, 1754 Albany Plan of Union This will be on exam
Colonial governments send representatives to Albany New York7 colonies attend
Iroquois agree to remain friendly
1755 General Braddock arrives in Virginia with English army of 10,000 men
George Washington asks to be an advisor/observer to learn
British Plan (4 part plan)
- Stop French expansion
- Capture French frontier forts (Duquesne/Niagara)
- Build British forts on Major rivers/lakes
- Control Water ways to New France (Nova Scotia)
Battle of the WildernessBraddock + 2500 will leave Va. and capture Fort Duquesne
*During retreat all of Braddock’s papers captured (French have Plans)
Washington put in charge of all Virginia Militia and protect frontier
1758 resigns command and get elected to House of Burgesses
River Routes
William Johnson commands New England Militia and Mohawks
Builds Fort Edward (Fort William Henry)
April 10, 1756 Colonial Council of Pennsylvania passes “Scalp Bounty”
French get new commander
May 11,1756 Louis Joseph, Marquis de Montcalm, Gozon de St. Véran
December 1756 William Pitt – British Secretary of State for Southern Department
In charge of Parliament in England (war leadership)
“Win America first then win rest of the world, piece by piece.”
Pitt spends money puts more men, gun and ships into action then before
The Militia Act of 1757
1758 French Fort of Louisbourg Captured by British
July 27th, General Amherst took possession of the town
August 1758 Gen. John Forbes for British attack Fort Duquesne
Colonel Bouquet commander “The Black Watch Regiment” Scottish Highlanders
Pyrrhic victory, French win but victory cost too much
October 1758 Treaty of Easton – English promise “No white settlement west of Ft. Pitt”
British build frontier forts Part 3
William Johnson's troops capture Fort Niagara
General Amherst attacks the forts at Carillon (Ticonderoga) and Crown Point
1759, General James Wolfe, was in command of the largest British naval force ever
Quebec itself, was a natural fortress
Lower Town, homes, warehouses, and docks, lays along riverside, unfortified
Upper Town atop the bluffs, fortified
Montcalm would not have to fight to win, by simply holding on, avoiding an all out fight until winter drove the invaders away or froze in place.
Wolfe must make Montcalm come out and fight
September 13, 1759 2A.M. “Battle of The Plains of Abraham”
European battle will win frontier war
September 17, 1759 Quebec capitulates
All French citizens who take oath of allegiance to England can keep their land
1760 King George III and Parliament begins to enforce the Acts of Navigation
May 3, 1760 Amherst launches drive to take Montreal, the last French stronghold
British flag is raised over Detroit, signaling the end of the French and Indian War
January 2, 1762, Spain joins the war on the French side on
Britain defeats Spain with naval power alone.
France knows war is almost over and gives Spain
Treaty of San Ildefonso France give Spain
all lands west of the Mississippi
Isle of New Orleans
1763 Treaty of Paris ends war (10 February 1763)
labeled all Indians "subjects" of the British crown
established the settlements of eastern North America as British colonies
BRITAIN'S ACQUISITIONS UNDER THE TERMS OF THE PEACE OF PARIS 1763
In America:
Canada
Nova Scotia
Cape Breton and adjoining islands
The right to navigate the Mississippi
In the West Indies:
Grenada
St Vincent
Dominica
Tobago
From Spain:
Florida
In Africa:
Retained Senegal
In India:
Retained the East India Company's conquests
In Europe:
Minorca
Fortifications of Dunkirk were demolished
FRENCH RETENSIONS
In America:
The island of St Pierre
The island of Miquelon
Fishing rights off Newfoundland
In the West Indies:
The port of Havana
Guadeloupe and Martinique
England demands and gets from France all Canada and all Lands east of the Mississippi
From Spain they get Florida
France gives Spain all land west of the Mississippi (Indians control this just legal claim)
1762 Lord Jeffery Amherst takes over major French frontier forts and Indian relations: (this is General Amherst he had been knighted)
refuses to continue French custom of gifts of ammo to Indians
raises prices on English trade goods (no competition)
Indian allies of French are conquered people
Pontiac’s Rebellion
Treaty of Paris, large tracts of Algonquian Indian land to Britain
War Chief of the Ottawa, calls a Grand Council, this is the first pan-Indian (one leader) military movement
Delaware medicine man “Neolin” says “Indians only win if they use the old ways reject white mans’ ways”
Plan - attack and drive English from all old French cities/forts before too numerous
Attacks are successful and coordinated
Under Chief Pontiac, warriors captured most of the trans-Allegheny forts, except Fort Pitt, and Fort Detroit (1763)
Amherst declares total warfare
Also plans to spread/use biological warfare spread smallpox
August 6, 1763, British forces, under Colonel Henry Bouquet (Scottish Highlanders)
destroyed Delaware and Shawnee forces at Battle of Bushy Run
Pontiac was forced to capitulate on October 31, 1763
England's King George III's Proclamation of 1763 (October 7, 1763)
The Plan of 1764
Set up an imperial fur trading system (king profit)
Frontier forts intended to protect
The Proclamation of 1763 marked boundaries October 7, 1763